RESUMO
Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology and recently its link with placental laterality has been explored. The objective of this study was to find the association of placental laterality with maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy. Study also determined the predictive ability of placenta laterality for the development of hypertension in pregnancy.Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on 200 pregnant women. Routine investigations and doppler analysis were done. Placenta position was categorized into central and lateral. Maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded. The data was entered in MS excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Study found no significant association of placental laterality with hypertension in pregnancy. Various fetal complications, birth weight, Apgar scores and NICU admission were comparable among women with central or lateral placenta (p > 0.05). Even the maternal outcomes like mode of delivery, onset of labor, indication of labor induction and caesarean deliveries were comparable among women with central or lateral placenta (p > 0.05). On applying univariate logistic regression analysis, previous history of hypertension in pregnancy was a significant risk factor for development of preeclampsia with odds ratio of 168.43 (p < 0.05).Conclusions: It can be concluded that the maternal and fetal outcomes are independent of the placenta laterality. The doppler characteristics and placenta laterality did not show any increased risk for hypertension in pregnancy. However future studies are recommended with large sample size including more women with diagnosed hypertension in the pregnancy so that a better association can be derived with placenta laterality and doppler characteristics.
RESUMO
Background: Labour is one of the most painful experiences women encounter during their lifetime and the experience is different for each women. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of low dose intrathecal labour analgesia using fentanyl, bupivacaine and morphine on maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: 100 parturients with uncomplicated pregnancy in spontaneous or induced labor at cervical dilatation 4-6cm were enrolled for the study. They were randomized into two groups of 50 each, using computer based block randomization. Group 1 (N=50) received intrathecal labor analgesia using. Fentanyl (25µg), bupivacaine (2.5mg) and morphine (250µg) and Group 2 (N=50) received programmed labor. The two groups were well matched in terms of age, weight, height, parity, baseline vitals and mean cervical dilatation at the time of administration of labor analgesia . Progress of labor, duration of analgesia, and neonatal APGAR score were recorded. Feto-maternal and neonatal outcomes were studied and compared between the two groups.Results: The mean duration of analgesia in group1 was 238.96±21.888 min whereas the mean duration of analgesia in group 2 was 98.4±23.505 min. The difference was significant P value 0.00. One out of 50 (2%) of the parturients required rescue analgesia in Group 1. On the contrary all 44 parturients in Group 2 required rescue analgesia. Difference was significant (p value=0.00) However duration of the stages of labor, operative and instrumental deliveries and APGAR score did not differ in the two groups.Conclusions: Single shot intrathecal labor analgesia is a safe, effective, reliable, cheap and satisfactory method of pain relief for labor and delivery. Moreover, it is devoid of major side effects.